This bundle includes notes on Romans, Christians, Barbarians, early Western Christendom, the Byzantine Empire, the Islamic Empires, Carolingian Europe, division, invasion, reorganization, economic takeoff and social change in the countryside and court, medieval life, popes and the Papacy, new paths to God, conquests, Crusades, persecutions, states made and unmade, literature, art, thought, famine, plague, recovery, moving towards the sovereign state, and diversity and dynamism in late Medieval c