Toulmin Argument Model: claim, data, warrant/backing, counter-claim/rebuttal

This slightly revised model of rational argument adds a backbone of the scientific method and also replaces Qualifier with Counter-Claim (per Purdue OWL). Slow-animated GIF highlights/describes argument parts and how they work together to persuade a critical thinker. You can test your argument essay against these standards of rational persuasion or use the model to design/outline a powerfully persuasive essay (persuasive at least for critical thinkers). Image size 960×720, file size 843 KB for use as a full-size PowerPoint slide (6-frame animation works in Slide-Show mode and repeats a couple times) or can be re-sized and used in a non-animated handout. Note: You can pause an animated GIF during a PowerPoint Slide Show by Right-Clicking your mouse; you can resume animation with a Left-Click. This mouse-trick works in PPT 2010, but other PPT versions may work differently. Suggested Alt-Text (100 characters) for more accessible images: A persuasive argument needs a qualified claim, data, warrant, backing, & counter-claim with rebuttal

Used/tested and engaging with English Composition, English 101.

To learn how to make such animated GIFs using PowerPoint and a free online AGIF maker, see PowerPoint slide show Animated GIFs—How to Make and Use.